Prior to 2003 enlargement, 80% of public RD was spent in the 1500 research universities in Member States ( see European Commission (2001), "Benchmarking Industry-Science Relations – The Role of Framework conditions", Final Report, Vienna/Mannheim, and Mark O. Sellenthin, "Who should own University Research – An exploratory study of the impact of patent rights regimes in Sweden and Germany on the incentives to patent research results", June 2004.
Avant l’élargissement de 2003, 80% de la RD publique a été consacré aux 1500 universités de recherche dans les États membres (voir la Commission européenne (2001), "Benchmarking Industry-Science Relations – The Role of Framework conditions", Rapport final , Vienna/Mannheim, and Mark O. Sellenthin, "Who should own University Research – An exploratory study of the impact of patent rights regimes in Sweden and Germany on the incentives to patent research results", juin 2004.