Zie met name de arresten van het Hof van Justitie van 3 juli 1986, Deborah Lawrie-Blum/Land Baden-Württemberg, C-66/85, ECLI:EU:C:1986:284; punten 16 en 17, van 21 juni 1988, Steven Malcolm Brown/The Secretary of State for Scotland, C-197/86, ECLI:EU:C:1988:323, punt 21, van 31 mei 1989, I. Bettray/Staatssecretaris van Justitie, C-344/87, ECLI:EU:C:1989:226, punten 15 en 16.
See, in particular, judgments of the Court of Justice of 3 July 1986, Deborah Lawrie-Blum v Land Baden-Württemberg, C-66/85, ECLI:EU:C:1986:284, paragraphs 16 and 17; of 21 June 1988, Steven Malcolm Brown v The Secretary of State for Scotland, C-197/86, ECLI:EU:C:1988:323, paragraph 21; and of 31 May 1989, I. Bettray v Staatssecretaris van Justitie, C-344/87, ECLI:EU:C:1989:226, paragraphs 15 and 16.