Exposure to such substances has been associated with developmental disabilities in the form of physical, cognitive, sensory and speech impairments, including in particular learning disabilities and intellectual retardation.
Un lien causalité a été constaté entre l'exposition à ces substances et certaines altérations du développement: troubles physiques, cognitifs, sensoriels, troubles de la parole et, surtout, troubles de l'apprentissage et retard mental.