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Table 4: Search for additional RCTs Search Benefit and harms of mammography screening (40-49 y) questions Note Specific search for RCT’s Date 27/04/2010 Keywords Breast neoplasms (MESH), mass screening (or early detection) (MESH), mammography (MESH) Medline 1 Randomized controlled trials/ (66083) Medline (OVID): (OVID): 2 Randomized controlled trial.pt (289038) Filter Filter 3 Random allocation/ (67885) RCT RCT 4 Double blind method/ (105956) 5 Single blind method/ (13834) 6 Clinical trial.pt (460563) 7 exp clinical trial/ (606505) 8 or/1-7 (718664) 9 (clinic$ adj trial$).tw (146686) 10 ((singl$ or doubl$ or treb$ or tripl$) adj (blind$3 or mask$3)).tw (105209) 11 Placebos/ (28712) 12 Placebo$.tw (125428) 13 Randomly allocated.tw (12231) 14 (allocated adj2 random).tw (654) 15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 (312732) 16 8 or 15 (842155) 17 Case report.tw (155883) 18 Letter.pt (688664) 19 Historical article.pt (263287) 20 Review of reported cases.pt (0) 21 Review,multicase.pt (0) 22 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 (1098644) 23 16 not 22 (822810) 24 Breast/ or Breast Diseases/ (30717) 25 Neoplasms/ (216644) 26 24 and 25 (535) 27 (breast$ adj5 neoplasm$).tw (1588) 28 (breast$ adj5 cancer$).tw (135654) 29 (breast$ adj5 carcin$).tw (31778) 30 (breast$ adj5 tumo$).tw (23438) 31 (breast$ adj5 metasta$).tw (16580) 32 (breast$ adj5 malig$).tw (7361) 33 exp Breast Neoplasms/ (171606) 34 exp Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/ (8460) 35 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 (207174) 36 mammography.mp (23598) 37 screening.mp (274211) 38 36 or 37 (288429) 39 23 and 35 and 38 (2326) 40 limit 39 to (yr=" 2008 -Current" and " all adult (19 plus years)" and (dutch or english or french)) (241) 41 from 40 keep 1-241 (241) 42 from 41 keep 1-241 (241) CENTRAL Breast neoplasms (MESH) and early detection (MESH) or 61 mammography (MESH) (manual limit 2008-2010) in title , abstracts or key words
Table 2: Search for additional RCTs Search Benefit and harms of mammography screening (40-49 y) questions Note Specific search for RCT’s Date 27/04/2010 Keywords Breast neoplasms (MESH), mass screening (or early detection) (MESH), mammography (MESH) Medline 1 Randomized controlled trials/ (66083) Medline (OVID): (OVID): 2 Randomized controlled trial.pt (289038) Filter Filter 3 Random allocation/ (67885) RCT RCT 4 Double blind method/ (105956) 5 Single blind method/ (13834) 6 Clinical trial.pt (460563) 7 exp clinical trial/ (606505) 8 or/1-7 (718664) 9 (clinic$ adj trial$).tw (146686) 10 ((singl$ or doubl$ or treb$ or tripl$) adj (blind$3 or mask$3)).tw (105209) 11 Placebos/ (28712) 12 Placebo$.tw (125428) 13 Randomly allocated.tw (12231) 14 (allocated adj2 random).tw (654) 15 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 (312732) 16 8 or 15 (842155) 17 Case report.tw (155883) 18 Letter.pt (688664) 19 Historical article.pt (263287) 20 Review of reported cases.pt (0) 21 Review,multicase.pt (0) 22 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 (1098644) 23 16 not 22 (822810) 24 Breast/ or Breast Diseases/ (30717) 25 Neoplasms/ (216644) 26 24 and 25 (535) 27 (breast$ adj5 neoplasm$).tw (1588) 28 (breast$ adj5 cancer$).tw (135654) 29 (breast$ adj5 carcin$).tw (31778) 30 (breast$ adj5 tumo$).tw (23438) 31 (breast$ adj5 metasta$).tw (16580) 32 (breast$ adj5 malig$).tw (7361) 33 exp Breast Neoplasms/ (171606) 34 exp Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/ (8460) 35 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 (207174) 36 mammography.mp (23598) 37 screening.mp (274211) 38 36 or 37 (288429) 39 23 and 35 and 38 (2326) 40 limit 39 to (yr=" 2008 -Current" and " all adult (19 plus years)" and (dutch or english or french)) (241) 41 from 40 keep 1-241 (241) 42 from 41 keep 1-241 (241) CENTRAL Breast neoplasms (MESH) and early detection (MESH) or 61 mammography (MESH) (manual limit 2008-2010) in title , abstracts or key words

The graphs „Medical treatment‰ and „trial centres‰ show the results of the ACST/ACAS trials (expressed as constant hazards of stroke or death from the trials and age dependent hazards of all other cause mortality from the Flemish male life table at age 70 in the year 2000). 18 Intervention starts with a short period of high (peri-procedural) mortality, but the lower post-procedural hazard of death will overtake the higher hazard of medical treatment.
The graphs „Medical treatment‰ and „trial centres‰ show the results of the ACST/ACAS trials (expressed as constant hazards of stroke or death from the trials and age dependent hazards of all other cause mortality from the Flemish male life table at age 70 in the year 2000).[18] Intervention starts with a short period of high (peri-procedural) mortality, but the lower post-procedural hazard of death will overtake the higher hazard of medical treatment.

54% of referred patients were excluded from the trial and sent directly forward to PCAS because they had a „prohibitive high risk‰. 38 It is unclear who this population might conceivably be, as the risk in the SAPPHIRE trial is low compared to the NASCET and ACE (CEA-) trials.
54% of referred patients were excluded from the trial and sent directly forward to PCAS because they had a „prohibitive high risk‰.38 It is unclear who this population might conceivably be, as the risk in the SAPPHIRE trial is low compared to the NASCET and ACE (CEA-) trials.

L, et al. Single-center trials show larger treatment effects than multicenter trials: evidence from a metaepidemiologic study.
L, et al. Single-center trials show larger treatment effects than multicenter trials: evidence from a meta-epidemiologic study.

Moss SM, Cuckle H, Evans A, Johns L, Waller M, Bobrow L, et al. Effect of mammographic screening from age 40 years on breast cancer mortality at 10 years' follow-up: a randomised controlled trial.
Nelson HD, Tyne K, Naik A, Bougatsos C, Chan BK, Humphrey L. Screening for breast cancer: an update for the U.S. preventive services task force.

16. Andersson I, Aspegren K, Janzon L, Landberg T, Lindholm K, Linell F, et al. Mammographic screening and mortality from breast cancer: the Malmo mammographic screening trial.
16. Tabar L, Dean PB, Kaufman CS, Duffy SW, Chen HH.

21. Alexander FE, Anderson TJ, Brown HK, Forrest AP, Hepburn W, Kirkpatrick AE, et al. 14 years of follow-up from the Edinburgh randomised trial of breast-cancer screening.
20. Alexander FE, Anderson TJ, Brown HK, Forrest AP, Hepburn W, Kirkpatrick AE, et al. 14 years of follow-up from the Edinburgh randomised trial of breast-cancer screening.

Boutitie F, Pinede L, Schulman S et al. Influence of preceding length of anticoagulant treatment and initial presentation of venous thromboembolism on risk of recurrence after stopping treatment: analysis of individual participant’s data from seven trials. BMJ 2011; 342:d3036.
Campbell IA, Bentley DP, Prescott RJ et al. Anticoagulation for three versus six months in patients with deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, or both; randomized trial.

Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies.
Gupta AK, Arshad S, Poulter NR. Compliance, safety, and effectiveness of fixed-dose combinations of antihypertensive agents: a meta-analysis.

Limits: Publication date from 2002/01/01, Randomized Controlled Trial
Limits: Publication date from 2002/01/01, Randomized Controlled