Standards have been developed (UNIMARC; EDIFACT), as have freeware tools, for example in connection with the Z39.50 standard (EUROPAGATE, SOCKER), and technical know-how has been transferred from area to area (FACIT, MOBILE, DEDICATE, LISTED).
On a assisté au développement de normes (UNIMARC; EDIFACT), d'outils de travail librement accessibles, notamment en rapport avec les normes Z39.50 (EUROPAGATE, SOCKER) ainsi que des transferts de savoir-faire technique d"une zone à une autre (FACIT, MOBILE, DEDICATE, LISTED).