In actual fact, they were not real bonds, but promissory notes, that some banks – including some very well-known ones – recommended from their counters to their clients – keeping quiet about their true nature which they could not, however, have not known about.
En fait, il ne s’agissait pas de véritables obligations, mais de billets à ordre que des banques - dont certaines très renommées - ont conseillés à leurs clients en taisant leur véritable nature, qu’elles devaient pourtant forcément connaître.